Environment
Environment
Commonwealth crimes relating to safety can arise in a variety of areas such as civil aviation, workplace health and safety, consumer product safety and in connection with offshore petroleum and greenhouse gas storage facilities. Examples include:
- transporting dangerous goods by civil aviation operators;
- breaches of regulations designed to ensure the safety of both passengers and airspace;
- supplying goods that do not comply with product safety standards; and
- failure to take all reasonable steps to ensure safe workplaces.
Key legislation
- Work Health and Safety Act 2011
- Civil Aviation Act 1988
- Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998
- Competition and Consumer Act 2010
- Marine Safety (Domestic Commercial Vessel) National Law 2012
- Occupational Health and Safety (Maritime Industry) Act 1993
Work Health and Safety (WHS) Act 2011
On 1 January 2012, the Work Health and Safety (WHS) Act 2011 offences came into effect. The WHS Act contains a number of offences and, in particular, three categories that relate to the failure to comply with a health and safety duty:
- category 1 offence—a person engaging in conduct that exposes an individual to whom a duty is owed to a risk of death or serious injury being reckless to the risk;
- category 2 offence—a person failing to comply with a duty that exposes an individual to risk of death or serious injury;
- category 3 offence—a person failing to comply with a duty.
Main offences
- Work Health and Safety Act 2011 section 31 — reckless conduct (category 1);
- Work Health and Safety Act 2011 section 32 — failure to comply with health and safety duty (category 2;
- Work Health and Safety Act 2011 section 33 — failure to comply with health and safety duty (category 3.
Penalties
The range of penalties applied by the courts in these matters can be viewed by reading our safety matters case reports.
The WHS Act provides for a number of sentencing orders in addition to those available under Part 1B of the Crimes Act 1914, including: adverse publicity orders; orders for restoration; work health and safety project orders; release on the giving of a court-ordered WHS undertaking; injunctions; and training orders.
Defence/exceptions
Section 34 of the Work Health and Safety Act 2011 contains a number of exceptions to the offences in certain circumstances, which relate to volunteers and unincorporated associations.